An operating system (OS) is system software that manages
computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for
computer programs. All computer programs, excluding firmware, require an
operating system to function.
Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient
use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation
of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory
allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and
the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed
directly by the hardware and frequently makes system calls to an OS function or
is interrupted by it. Operating systems are found on many devices that contain
a computer – from cellular phones and video game consoles to web servers and
supercomputers.
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